Density Calculator

Calculate density, mass, or volume using the density formula. Includes reference table of common material densities and unit conversions.

Result

Density

2.0000 g/cm3

Density2000.0000 kg/m³
Mass0.1000 kg
Volume0.000050 m³

What do you want to calculate?

Enter Values

Display Density As

Density Formula

ρ = m / V

Density = Mass ÷ Volume

m = ρ × V

Mass = Density × Volume

V = m / ρ

Volume = Mass ÷ Density

Common Material Densities

Materialkg/m³g/cm³Category
Water (4°C)1,0001.000Liquid
Seawater1,0251.025Liquid
Milk1,0301.030Liquid
Gasoline7370.737Liquid
Olive Oil9200.920Liquid
Air (sea level)1.2250.001Gas
Helium0.1790.000Gas
Carbon Dioxide1.980.002Gas
Steel7,8507.850Metal
Aluminum2,7002.700Metal
Copper8,9608.960Metal
Gold19,30019.300Metal
Silver10,49010.490Metal
Lead11,34011.340Metal
Iron7,8747.874Metal
Titanium4,5064.506Metal
Concrete2,4002.400Material
Glass2,5002.500Material
Wood (Oak)7500.750Material
Wood (Pine)5500.550Material
Ice9170.917Material
Plastic (PVC)1,4001.400Material

Click a material to use its density value

Your Result vs Common Materials

Floats in water?No (more dense)
Compared to water:2.00× heavier
Similar to:Concrete

Quick Answer

Density = Mass / Volume (D = M/V). To find mass: Mass = Density x Volume. To find volume: Volume = Mass / Density. Water density is 1 g/cm3 (1000 kg/m3). Example: 500g object with 200 cm3 volume has density 500/200 = 2.5 g/cm3. Objects with density >1 g/cm3 sink in water; <1 g/cm3 float.

Key Facts

  • Density = Mass / Volume (D = M/V)
  • Water density: 1 g/cm3 = 1000 kg/m3
  • Objects denser than water sink; less dense float
  • Common densities: Gold 19.3, Iron 7.87, Aluminum 2.7, Wood 0.5-0.8 g/cm3
  • 1 g/cm3 = 1000 kg/m3 = 62.43 lb/ft3
  • Specific gravity = density relative to water
  • Temperature affects density (warm = less dense)
  • Air density at sea level: ~1.225 kg/m3

Frequently Asked Questions

Density is mass per unit volume, measuring how much matter is packed into a given space. The formula is ρ = m/V (density equals mass divided by volume). Higher density means more mass in the same volume. Water's density is 1000 kg/m³ or 1 g/cm³.
Ice floats because it's less dense than liquid water (917 kg/m³ vs 1000 kg/m³). Water is unusual - most substances are denser as solids. Ice's lower density is due to hydrogen bonding creating an open crystal structure.
Specific gravity (SG) is the ratio of a substance's density to water's density. It's dimensionless (no units). SG = 1.0 means same density as water. If SG > 1, it sinks in water; if SG < 1, it floats.
Temperature: heating usually decreases density (expansion). Pressure: increasing pressure increases density (compression). Phase changes: solids are usually denser than liquids, which are denser than gases (water is an exception).
For regular shapes: measure dimensions to calculate volume, weigh for mass, divide. For irregular shapes: use water displacement (Archimedes' method) - submerge object and measure water displaced. For liquids: use a hydrometer or pycnometer.
Bulk density includes air spaces between particles (like sand or powder). It's lower than true density because of gaps. Important for shipping, storage, and material handling. Bulk density = total mass / total volume including air gaps.